Impact of the Ionosphere on Signal Delay in Communication Networks at Different Times of the Day

ASMAEIL AMMARAH BALQ

Department of Computer, Faculty of Education, Al-Ajelat, Zawia Unversity, Libya

Email: a.belg@zu.edu.ly

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2435-1276

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the ionosphere on radio signal delay and strength in communication networks.                                           
The ionosphere is a layer of the upper atmosphere containing electrons and charged particles that affect radio wave propagation.                                         
Signal delay occurs due to reflection, refraction, attenuation, scintillation, and variations in electron density, with lower frequencies being more affected.                                    
Measurements and analysis are conducted using spectrum analyzers and MATLAB to evaluate signal strength and delays.                                            
The main time periods analyzed are 5 AM, 7 AM, 3 PM, and 10 PM.                                
The study focuses on frequencies of 5, 10, and 15 MHz to examine variations in signal behavior.
Results show that higher frequencies are more stable, while lower frequencies experience greater delay and weaker signals, especially at night or during periods of high solar activity.

Keyword: Ionosphere, Signal Delay, Signal Strength, Frequencies, MATLAB.